A Personal Trainer For Your Fitness - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 995 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/22 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Fitness Essay Did you like this example? When was the last time you went out for a jog? Been a while I bet! And I cant even blame you! Im 220 pounds at only 511 and havent lost a single pound since I got into university! Every time I make promises to stick to a routine and get on a diet, I end up doing a U-turn really fast. If youre in the same position I am, maybe what you need to help yourself in a personal trainer. The one, main thing you need to start is jump simply taking the first step. And trust me, a trainer will always make sure youre going through with it. Its easiest to be accountable to yourself because you always let yourself off the hook. But a trainer will always make sure youre doing what youre supposed to, be it waking up early, showing up to the gym, eating right, etc. The first step is always the hardest! And if thats just the start you needed, hold on because theyre going to help you out in a lot of other ways in your process to fitness greatness! Your relationship with your personal traine r isnt a professional one; your trainer will be a lot of things including your workout buddy, your spotter at the gym, your confidant and a source of motivation. Rapport and support from your personal trainer is key to maintaining motivation to stick to your workout routines and diets. As far the technical bits go, with a personal trainer at hand, you dont have to worry about being completely clueless. Theyll be able to equip you with everything you need to know about getting your fitness wheels back on track. Dont know what exercises you need to do and generally clueless about how to use dumbbells? Leave it all on your trainer and in no time, you will graduate from 30 minutes of cardio and 100 pushups to doing all sorts of isolation and compound movements. Okay, it might take a bit longer than ?no time but you catch my drift! Something critical to seeing progress from your workouts and diets is to have practical and attainable targets. What?! You think youll go from all that junk food to a keto diet in the matter of a few days? Oh I wish it was that simple! Progress can be really slow, because metabolism and muscles arent blessing given out fairly to everyone! Having a trainer who understands you situation and sets realistic targets for you to meet is crucial to maintaining your regime. Striking a balance is necessary; you have to understand the kind of goals that are actually attainable and seeing yourself making said progress will go a long way to help you stick to it. But if you were expecting to lose a pound every day and then get disheartened when youre not getting there, it can be very discouraging. Even in these little things, having a trainer to help you out can make the world of a difference between sticking to your regime and going back to your old, unhealthy lifestyle. I cant emphasize enough, the importance of doing exercises properly and how doing the right exercises in the right sequence is vital to progress, as well as keeping you sa fe. Doing the exercises in the right form and maintaining good posture is essential to work your muscles properly as well as keeping you safe. Poor form is the number one route to messing up your bones and joints! Aaaaand who knows just how to get your form perfect? Your trainer of course! Having someone literally hands on with your form will really eliminate any chances of you messing up your back of breaking a rib or two trying to lift too heavy! As trivial routines, on the other hand, might seem, doing them incorrectly is also a fine recipe for some back-breaking disaster! Using a personal anecdote, I spent a while working out at home with dumbbells because I didnt have time to go to the gym (yes, yes, an age old excuse!) and because I kept doing the same back exercise in variations, I ended up with back pain that needed a visit to a physiotherapist. Ive been singing praises for them all this while but taking a step back, its important that you make sure you can actually affo rd one. Good personal trainers arent exactly cheap! And the longer you require their services, the more they will charge you and the bigger hole itll burn in your wallet. Secondly, if you already have an idea of the exercises and how to do them, you will probably be alright without a trainer; a gym buddy will do for you! Also, it might be worth noting that there are lots of people at the gym who tout themselves as trainers. Beware! Actual trainers have studied on the sciences of fitness and weight training and in addition to their experiences, they have a depth of knowledge to back up their diet and exercise recommendations. Therefore, before you go spending money on a trainer, actually do some vetting and find someone qualified to help you embark on the journey to fitness and helps you build a lifestyle around it. Like a lot of questions in life, the answer to this is very subjective. It depends on what you want to attain, how hard youre willing to work for it, whether you have some money to spare that you can allocate to enhance your journey to fitness greatness and moreover, whether you even need one at all! If youre really serious about it and have aspirations being a model or a serious level bodybuilder, youll probably be rewarded with a smart investment in a personal trainer. For others, if its too much to have someone making you workout and forcing you to eat things against your wishes, just going out for a jog is a start. Find some motivation and get off your sofa already! Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Personal Trainer For Your Fitness" essay for you Create order

All The World s A Stage And All Men And Women - 732 Words

Shakespeare had said- â€Å"All the world s a stage and all men and women are merely players.† Or rather, Jaques from As You Like It did, but that s besides the point. The point is that I was watching the Lego Movie. And oh my god is it the best movie ever. What makes it the best movie ever? Not only does it have a great message, it also actually inspired me to write this blog post. The movie, starts out to be your regular run-of-the-mill animated comedy, and moves on to create a connection between the real human world and the Lego universe. What the cute little kid Finn imagines with his toys, translates into the actual movie we are watching, and the characters are living. A movie within a movie- Movie-ception! Which led me to thinking, maybe this bubble called life is nothing more than...a movie. A movie that we act in, direct, produce, write, create an original soundtrack of, so on...and finally view and review. So perhaps the point really was what Shakespeare had said. For him, life was a seven-act play. And so it shall be for all you theatre lovers out there (I also speak to my own drama- geek self). And for my blog post point of view and that of every single movie buff out there, life shall be a movie. Shakespeare said it, and now it’s my turn. What is reality? How do we know that what we live in is ‘real’? Life sometimes seems nothing more than just a dream. I have had many conversations with my friends where we spend a minuteShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Psychology An Androcentric Discipline?1733 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent is psychology an androcentric discipline? It is well known that psychology is the study of an individual s brain and the way it functions including understanding behaviour, memory, movement and intelligence. Psychology is defined in a really complex way because it touches many different aspects of, not only science, but also social studies. According to Zimbardo (1992), Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of the behaviour of individuals and their mental processesRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1662 Words   |  7 Pagesstraightjacket in which men and women dance their unequal dance† (Kearl). Throughout history, women have been treated with unequal and unjust standards in comparison to their male counterparts. This paper will discuss gender roles in society and the stereotypes placed on men and women. As well as gender role development and the different influences that lead to these roles and stereotypes. Also, it will outline the history and progress of women’s rights from the ear ly 1900’s until present day, goingRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagestimes where women were deprived of men s privileges, and fortunately things changed over the years. Men s perception on women has changed over the years as well. 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But in other societiesRead MoreAn Overview of Aging and Existing Cultural Differences1477 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity. Missing any stage of this course is detrimental to the development of the human life. But not all societies have these stages of life; ergo different cultures define stages differently. The stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, young adulthood and middle adulthood, old age and death. Society thinks of childhood as the first twelve years of life. In most cultures it is known as the time of autonomy from the weight of the grown-up world. But in other societiesRead MoreThe Media And Its Portrayal Of Athletes1573 Words   |  7 PagesRiebock and Bae s 2013 literature review they discuss the differences in men and women athletes body perception in the media. To get their results they used multiple questionnaires that revolved around questions dealing with body shame, self-objectification and their appearance goal. 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The Rite of Spring tells the story of a ritual tribe or a society celebrating the advent of spring by sacrificing a maiden to revive the sun, and to lengthen the days for growingRead MoreSeven Ages of Man analysis984 Words   |  4 Pagesit.† The monologue is addressed by Jacques who has a gloomy look on life. This poem reveals to the reader the seven stages that a man plays throughout his life. It starts from a baby puking and whining, and ends with a dead man who has lost ever ything. The success of this piece relies to a great degree on the extended metaphor because it relates our roles in life to acts on a stage. Poetic devices also further enhanced the effect of the monologue. Jacques was addressing to the audience that man is

Practicability of Feng Shui Free Essays

Practicality of Feng Shui by : Ricci Rodriguez Feng Shui is the ancient Chinese art of placement. It is also considered an art that hosts knowledge on how to balance worldly energies, also known as â€Å"Chi† in China. The surrounding landscape as well as the objects, layout and emotions in an environment affect this flow of energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Practicability of Feng Shui or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a space is filled with positive energy and symbols, an individual will feel happy and motivated. Feng† and â€Å"Shui† means â€Å"wind† and â€Å"water† respectively. Wind and water are, first and foremost, natural elements (two of the five elements that comprise all of nature). Wind is the earth’s breath, and water is the invigorating lifeblood of everything that exists on our planet. Both wind and water have tremendous energy that drives Feng Shui’s practices and techniques to fill life with positive energies. Feng Shui, at its very core is a means of arranging the basic elements of life—and all the things that an individual surrounds himself with on a daily basis— to create the optimal and harmonious flow of vital life energy, just like the flow of water and wind. Feng Shui is not only popular in China, but also in the Philippines. Teresita Ang See, a Filipino-Chinese leader and scholar, said that relations between the Philippines and China date back to pre-historic times, and many Chinese influences have long been integrated into Philippine culture. See, born and raised in the Philippines, said the impact can be seen in various aspects of Philippine life – from names of common household items and food served during festive celebrations, to business practices and even farming techniques, â€Å"Chinese influences have been embedded into the tapestry of Philippine culture so much so that some often could no longer distinguish it as Chinese, and there’s no need to distinguish it as Chinese,† she added. Joy Lim, one of the most sought-after Feng Shui consultants in the Philippines, said Filipinos have become more aware of the usefulness of Feng Shui – the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve harmony with the environment – and its application in their daily lives. â€Å"Maybe because they see successful Chinese businessmen practicing Feng Shui and they see there’s really no harm in trying to have a better life by practicing Feng Shui,† she said. Feng Shui is no magic. It is a collection of practical, time-tested solutions based on the fundamental properties of elements that are used to change the negative aspects and introduce the positive aspects of each element to your living environment—and change your life for the better. I will base the practicality of Feng Shui on three categories: Practicability, Usefulness and Effectiveness. First is practicability, how is something practicable? By definition, something is practicable if it is capable of being done or put into practice. A lot of Feng Shui’s practices commonly involve things we usually do in our everyday life and are easy to follow. For example, merely cleaning our surrounding, such as bedrooms or workplaces and organizing our things are already practices used in Feng Shui. Most of the tips or advices given by Feng Shui are being done in our daily life anyways, so it becomes easy to apply and can be done naturally. So therefore, yes, Feng Shui is practicable. Second is usefulness. Feng Shui is useful since not only does it help improve our surroundings, but also helps improve our health and our environment’s appearance. For instance, throwing out the garbage and things we don’t really need, this itself is already a first-step to maintaining a healthy household. As for the environment’s appearance and well-being, Feng Shui helps improve it through maximizing space, resources and by â€Å"bringing life† into the room. The teachings include how to position the furnitures, how to pick colors to suit the location, which colors go with each other, what lighting to use, and even to incorporate plants in the room. Example of these are that Feng shui followers are encouraged to refrain from having objects on view in their homes which may disturb and unsettle their subconscious. Hence sharp angled objects, like plants with pointed leaves and the corners of square tables, are not suitable for individuals who want to create a harmonious place to live or work. Another feng shui rule that makes sense is to do with clocks and time. If you follow feng shui you’re not supposed to have a clock in your dining room. Being able to see it frequently will spoil the experience of eating and relaxing with your fellow tablemates as you keep checking to see how much time has passed. These practices make a house more livable and healthier to live in. So, in these terms, yes, Feng Shui is useful. Third and the last, effectiveness, Feng Shui can be said to be effective if it has produced the intended or expected effect. So, is it effective? A Feng Shui business consultation may enhance a company’s goals, growth, wealth, and prosperity while creating a pleasant working environment that supports staff members. Again, adjustments are usually easy and cost effective. Perhaps a plant or a fountain would be added in the proper locale to increase wealth and prosperity. The location of the CEO’s office, positioning of desks and/or cash registers, and the shape of the overall office or building are some factors to evaluate. And according to Ann Bingley Gallops, a Feng Shui consultant and expert, â€Å"I started my Feng Shui career because I wanted to transform other people’s lives as mine had changed over 14 years ago, thanks to Feng Shui. I’d just gotten divorced, wasn’t happy at work, and generally felt that things weren’t going so well in my life. At this critical moment I enrolled in a Feng Shui course at  New York’s Open Center. It was the first of many synchronicities I was about to experience, thanks to Feng Shui. I made changes like, rearranging furniture, clearing clutter and changing colors and artwork. My apartment looked and felt like a completely different place: nourishing, welcoming, energized. I discovered that the power of Feng Shui is the power of Intention, with visible and physical energies to back it up. And that’s how I arrived at the point I’m at today. Basing on these experiences and many other personal stories, then yes, Feng Shui is effective. Once again, Feng Shui is an old, ancient art that can affect a person’s life whether for the better through applying it’s practices, Feng Shui not only relies its â€Å"powers† on luck, but also on scientific reasoning and common sense and finally, Feng Shui is practical because it is practicable, useful and effective. Reference: Barett, Jayme. â€Å"Feng Shui: What Is It and Where Does It Come From?. †Ã‚  MindBodyGreen. MindBodyGreen, 17/03/2010. Web. 1 Oct 2012. Gallops, Ann. â€Å"How Feng Shui Changed My Life. â€Å"openspacesfengshui. Open Spaces Feng Shui, 07/10/2010. Web. 6 Oct 2012. ;http://openspacesfengshui. com/feng-shui-tips/2010/07/how-feng-shui-changed-my-life/;. Nation, . â€Å"Feng Shui grows among Chinese influences in the Philippines. †Ã‚  The Feng Shui Society. Society News, 01/10/2011. Web. 1 Oct 2012. Ruston, Sheri. â€Å"Feng Shui Will Change Your Life!. â€Å"Healthy Space. N. p. , 07/2001. Web. 6 Oct 2012. Wang, Mike. â€Å"What is Feng Shui?. †Ã‚  The Spiritual Feng Shui. Eternal Sunshine, n. d. Web. 1 Oct 2012. ;http://www. thespiritualfengshui. com/what-is-feng-shui. php;. Webber, Bridget. â€Å"The Psychology of Feng Shui: Is Feng Shui Really an Effective Remedy?. †Ã‚  green-building. Knoji, 05/25/2011. Web. 6 Oct 2012. Yap, Joey. â€Å"What Is Feng Shui – A Science or Belief?. â€Å"ezinearticles. Ezinearticles, 04/08/2011. Web. 1 Oct 2012. . â€Å"What is Feng Shui?. †Ã‚  Indobase Feng Shui. indobase, n. d. Web. 1 Oct 2012. ;http://www. indobase. com/fengshui/what-is-feng-shui. html;. How to cite Practicability of Feng Shui, Essay examples

Strategic Management & Leadership Skills- Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Explain the one most Important lesson you learned today in MBA 7512 class. It may be from course materials. 2.Provide one example of how you plan to apply this lesson in a specific situation in the workplace in the future. In your example. Answers: 1.From the course, I have liked the topic of Strategic Management the most as it provides me with the understanding about how to maintain a balance between management and leadership. The concept of strategic management also allows me to explore the organizational strengths in order to make strategies. The main reason behind the selection of Kolbs Learning Cycle is that it provides great understanding about how to use the personal experience in the work life to get success. Kolb's learning Styles Model The Kolbs Learning Cycle Model states that people learn from their life experiences. It needs to be mentioned that reflection is an important part in this process. There are four stages in Kolbs Learning Cycle Model. They are Experience, Reflect, Conceptualize and Plan. Figure 1: Kolbs Learning Cycle (Source: Kolb Kolb, 2012) Stage 1 Experience: As per this stage, life is full of experiences from where we can learn. This experience can be from anywhere. Stage 2 Reflect: Reflection refers to the process of thinking about the learning and the experiences. Some people are good at reflecting while others need to be trained (Muscat Mollicone, 2012). Stage 3 Conceptualize: Conceptualize refers to the process of creating hypothesis about the experiences. Stage 5 Plan: Plan refers to the process of learning from our experiences. 2.Kolbs Learning Cycle can be used to train the employees of the organization. As per the first stage, the employees will be encouraged to experience different aspects of work in the organizations. After this stage, the employees will be encouraged to reflect their experience, as they will be encouraged to write down their experiences from different sources. After that, the employee will be encouraged to interpret their experience in order to learn their jobs effectively. In the last stage, the process of learning will be planned. In this stage, a detailed plan will be made in order to provide training and development to the employees. Kolbs Learning Cycle can be used to solve the complaints of the customers. In this regard, the employees will be encouraged to use their experiences to recognize the problems. After that, they will be encouraged to make strategies to resolve those customers issues. References Kolb, A., Kolb, D. A. (2012). Kolbs learning styles. InEncyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning(pp. 1698-1703). Springer US. Muscat, M., Mollicone, P. (2012). Using Kolb's learning cycle to enhance the teaching and learning of mechanics of materials.International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education,40(1), 66-78.

Supreme Court nominees

Introduction Supreme Court nominees evade giving direct answers to statutory performance and other legal issues (Stolberg). This has been a common criticism that Supreme Court nominees stand before qualifying the level. Senators from both sides of the authority either keep such parties or devise propaganda aiming to reduce their votes and chances of qualification. Conversely, the nominees have developed a variety of evasive techniques to these criticisms, and so open varied diverging responses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supreme Court nominees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Supreme Court (SC) In the US, this is the highest judicial body, which leads the federal judiciary. It comprises of the chief justice of the US and 8 associate justices nominated by the president and confirmed by the senate. Once appointed, they enjoy life tenure, which may only be terminated through death, retirement, or resignatio n. Criticism of Supreme Court nominees SC nominees have always been condemned because of their previous statements and evasiveness of issues. Democrats and republicans have their own tactics to advance viewpoints to qualify nominees. The fitness of the candidate to deliver in the system is scrutinized, often based on responses to legal and statutory interpretations. Senate republicans reject the ratification of Kagan to the bench, analyzing her dedication to upholding the constitution and whether her countenance would prejudice decisions. They question whether she would be controlled by, or run the constitution. Some argued that she does not satisfy the high standards of the station and did not take liberal commitment to the set laws. She has on no account been an arbitrator and thus has no relevant experience in the field. Consequently, she may continue the list of judges who craft their own laws rather than interpreting the outlined principles. She also provides lukewarm support f or some amendments and her tactics which tend towards the Clinton administration (Bacon). Fortunately for Kagan, the political situation has not been as active because the oil spill and the Afghanistan war have eclipsed her nomination. Previous nominees underwent more detailed analysis. Preceding candidates have been criticized for issues such as their lack of understanding or short-time service in order occupations (Rutkus). For example, Clarence Thomas had only served as a judge for less than a year neither was she involved in legal writings. Some groups did not support his stance on affirmative action, believing his decisions would be biased on faith. Other nominees have received criticism for their deeply held religious affiliations.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Concern to Senators The determination of senators to aid the general welfare of the American people would be constra ined if justice may be biased. Senators thus focus their issues mainly on the credentials of the nominee understanding the law. Some of the values that these nominees hold may influence their opinions on the bench (Bacon). Some democrats, however, support her, stating that she is an ardent follower of the constitution. There are senators who vote in nominees based on their proximity to the senator’s constituents. When these nominees are not adequately qualified or reasonably distant, then the senators may make decisions, hugely depending on the current political situation or the views of the president. Others are undecided on how they should vote, thus this questioning is necessary to make reasonable decisions based on the credibility of the nominee (Rutkus). The questions provide facts on how well the nominee understands the structure and judicial roles, credentials and reputation. They discover how the nominee, if appointed, would upset the stability of the court. Other sen ators take that opportunity to ask questions which would lead public awareness to concerns in the society or to identify themselves with the issues. Evasiveness by nominees When Hatch questioned Kagan about the ban on abortion she gave distant responses, which left the republican troubled. SC nominees have traditionally evaded responses to specific questions so that they may not take sides or expose their flaws (Bacon). On abortion, she said the court prioritized the health of the mother. Kagan, who has both worked with Barrack and Clinton, evaded giving an answer to a republican who questioned her viewpoint on whether the system had favored some institutions in contemporary declarations. She said she did not embody the present court and hoped that one day she would join it, amidst laughter and characterization ‘a real politician’ (Mozgovaya). Nominees may avoid some questions which may eventually occur later in their court rulings. A response may expose their perspecti ve on delicate issues and thus the inequality on decision making may be noted. Some senators who may have otherwise to vote on the nominee’s favor may be displeased by some of their responses, and thus affect their chances of nomination in jeopardy. Alito and Ginsburg, for example, evaded some question, citing that they may appear in the court at some later date (Rutkus). Nominees’ responses to criticisms and their opinions Most of the opinions held by the nominees are neutral, usually to prevent further evaluation. Kagan, for example, answered critics by stating that though she admires what Aharon Barak did for Israel, she would not necessarily follow his style of judicial activism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supreme Court nominees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She says that she is more engrossed in politics than legal precedent, promising that her judgment would be based solely on the con stitution (Mozgovaya). Responding to republican critics, she added that her governing would be, must be, and have to be different from decision making. Asked whether she would support the president’s agenda, she said it was not her idea of the job. Roberts, who was criticized for his faithful personal beliefs, said his faith would not influence decision making; further adding that he would look at the law, and not religious texts in making rulings (Rutkus). He declined to endorse the statement of a former president who considered the severance of the state and the church to be unconditional. The most valid approach A wide range of candidates are first considered before the president settles on a nominee. The nominee is considered by a committee before going to the full senate, for evaluation. The senators are each given time to challenge the nominee on radical issues. One of the consistent issues in the senate has been the choice of questions for nominees appearing before the committee. Whether to ask, and how detailed the questions should be regarding their personal opinions on legal and legal issues is debatable (Rutkus). My most logical approach would be considering their substantive stance on topics rather than their actual credentials or private principles. It is not compulsory to force nominees to give responses for every questions asked, as some responses may undermine the integrity of the judiciary. Conclusion Nominees must be subjected to some criticism in an effort to resolve their take on public issues. Some of their responses may be seen as prejudging a case, based on their current beliefs, as such topics may be presented as cases in the future. A nominee without any judicial experience subjection to legal issues is essential, to determine whether they are capable of making decisions based on the law, or they would exercise their personal beliefs. Works Cited Bacon, Perry. Senators query Supreme Court nominee Kagan. The Washington Post, May 12, 2010. Web. Mozgovaya, Natasha. U.S. supreme court nominee Elana Kagan: Israel means a lot to me. Haaretz.com. June 29, 2010. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stolberg, Sheryl. Committee approves Kagan’s nomination to Supreme Court. The New York Times, July 20, 2010. Web. Rutkus, Denis. Questioning Supreme Court Nominees about Their Views on Legal or Constitutional Issues: A Recurring Issue. Congressional Research Service. June 23, 2010. Web. This essay on Supreme Court nominees was written and submitted by user TygerT1ger to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay about management 521

Essay about management 521 Essay about management 521 Management Roles and Responsibilities Managers of a business are the key personal within an organization. These are the individuals in charge of the employees and staff, also the managers is the ones ultimately responsible for every person and all operations within. Managers are responsible for profit of the organization along with controlling the loss within the organization. These factors include labor control, marketing, and many other duties. However one of the most important roles a manager must take charge of planning how the organization will be profitable and run efficiently. According to O’Brien, Scott, and Gibbons (2013), even the middle manager must view and organize a strategy or a plan for the organization. Businesses change and evolve constantly, thus it makes perfect since the â€Å"middle manager† or General Manager must develop a plan within their department or restaurant for example. Because many middle managers usually focus solely on growth of the business, it is easy to lose the processes which may have caused the failures to grow. When a middle manager focuses on all aspects of the business, it becomes clear growth usually follows. This is because the middle manager needs to deal with all aspects of operations first hand. Regional managers or corporate managers believe this is handled by the middle managers or general manager. As O’Brien, Scott, and Gibbons (2013) explain, the middle manager must cope with operations such as, internal customer base, external customers, suppliers, products, services, along with marketing and costs of all operations as well. The ole of a manager even flows into a coach or trainer as Abdullah, Baroto, Ismail, and Tat (2011) explain, managers are supervisors of training; therefore a manager is also a supervisor of support and communication. As a manager there are more roles that must be played, however, if a manager has a strategic plan in place and uses critical thought while manifesting this plan, most issues would be ironed out prior to even occurring, thus, making it a smooth transition in a natural disaster hits, or if a competitor moves into the area. Managers must have a strategic plan in affect; this plan is applied for the complete organization, where an organizational plan is directed in one department. However, if an organization is looking to refocus or to go global, a strategic plan would be necessary as it would essentially affect the company as a whole. Managers perform different tasks; after having a matrix in place one of the critical tasks is the SWOT analysis. This is a tool to help managers recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the organization as well as the opportunities or threats. The manager must be familiar with the mission of the organization and have the ability to identify the goals necessary to accomplish the overall organizational needs. It is important for the stakeholders to be present in a formal meeting to

The propensity of people to steal items from hotel rooms linked to Dissertation

The propensity of people to steal items from hotel rooms linked to cost of room, education level or age of guests Why do people - Dissertation Example The objectives have been achieved based on qualitative primary data gathered through survey of consumers from two different cultures – The Turkish and the British. While studies have been conducted on consumer stealing habits in the western countries, no study has been found that compares the consumer behaviour of the Turks with the consumer behaviour in the West. Literature review (McGregor, 2000) suggests that culture has very little impact on consumer behaviour primarily because social and consumption values are different. The only noticeable difference that culture has an impact on is on the items that are stolen from hotel rooms. Economic background of the residents and the category of hotels in which the guests stay, make a difference in consumer theft. However, this too cannot be generalized because the emotional state of consumers also influences behaviour. Consumers may not even be aware that removing some items are considered theft or consumers who steal consciously may not be conscious of the implications of their action. The study highlights the limitations of the study and makes recommendations for further study based on the subject. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for the Study 2 1.3 Research Aims & Objectives 2 1.4 Structure of the Study 3 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Consumer Behaviour 4 2.2 Personality of Guests 5 2.3 Types of Consumer Misbehaviour 6 2.4 Consumer Behaviour and Emotional State 7 2.5 Consumer Behaviour and Morality 7 2.6 Consumer Behaviour and Technology 9 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 11 3.2 Research Design 11 3.3 Choice of Method 11 3.4 Research Approach 12 3.5 Data Collection 12 3.6 Sampling 13 3.7 Data Analysis 14 3.8 Ethical concerns 14 Chapter IV Findings & Discussions 4.1 Findings Overview 15 4.2 Findings from Primary Data 16 4.3 Discussion 19 Chapter V Conclusion & Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 23 5.2 Recommendations for Hotels to reduce theft 24 5.3 Li mitations of the Study 24 5.4 Recommendation for further research on the subject 25 References 26 Appendix 29 Charts Chart 4.1 Demographics of the Respondents 16 Chart 4.2 Hotel rates in ? 16 Chart 4.3 Most Stolen Items 17 Chart 4.4 Items taken away but not considered stolen 18 Chart 4.5 Motive for theft from hotel rooms 19 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background Consumer behaviour has been of immense interest to marketers because it has been associated with how consumers make decision to spend their valuable resources such as time, money and effort on consumption related items (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1997 cited in Abdallat & El-Emam, 2005). However, the field of consumer behaviour stretches beyond purchase decisions. For instance, it is also the study of processes involved when individuals or groups have to select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires. As Abdallat and El-Emam, citing Belch (1998), explained it also involves disposing of products and services and is not limited to purchase of goods and services. While the hospitality industry places consumers at a pedestal and all services geared towards his satisfaction (Harris & Reynolds, 2004; Aslan & Kozak, 2012), not all customers are functional and some behave in a dysfunctional manner to customer-oriented initiatives (Harris & Reynold

Corporate social responsibility focusing on Starbucks Essay

Corporate social responsibility focusing on Starbucks - Essay Example Starbucks is involved in many CSR initiatives ranging from philanthropy to service projects. The company is keen on enhancing ethical sourcing programs and environmental concerns. The organization has various NGOs and CSR programs which follow different ethical and social standards. In order to successfully achieve this, the company has developed an effective communication strategy that fits the needs of the various stakeholders. Organizations are increasingly being pressured by their environment to become social citizens while still being profitable. Rather than being a differentiation strategy, acting ethical and social responsibility has become an expectation. Organizations have to achieve legitimacy through responding to the expectations of the community. The company uses both online and multimedia communication features to address the expectations of the stakeholders. The company has suffered from stakeholder skeptism (Forehand and Grier, 2003). The company was accused of being unrealistic and extremely philanthropic. In order for the stakeholders to develop confidence, the company has increased transparency and decreased the chances of miss communication. The company ensures that there are no self-beneficial motives when carrying out the social responsibility and ethics program. In doing this, the company has stressed the need for engaging in the social issues that counter the skeptics from the stakeholders. Ethical/social issues targeting stakeholders Starbucks is sentient that its stakeholders have diverse prospects and requirements (Morsing and Schultz, 2006). The company has explicitly tailored its CSR program to meet these needs. Starbucks is using transparency and philanthropy to target the stakeholders. This includes supporting coffee farmers in Mexico and Ethiopia. The company has developed programs that emphasize on the long-term commitment to the CRS and ethics initiatives (Forehand and Grier, 2003). The shareholders of the leading organizations have been consistent in their shift from maximizing profits to increasing value. Companies have to balance people, planet and profit in a globalised market (Schwartz and Carroll, 2003). More power relies on the stakeholders to demand increased transparency and organizational communication. The stakeholders expect the companies to document and acknowledge their impact in the environment (Saksson and Jorgensen, 2010). The organizational ethical behaviors have come under sharp focus (Forehand and Grier, 2003). CRS is perceived to be a morally and ethically correct approach in which all the shareholders stand to gain. The modern corporations have a major part of their assets being the intangible parts i.e. the reputation, goodwill and human capita (Morsing and Schultz, 2006). Therefore, CSR approaches are significant for the achievement and legitimization of any successful corporation. Stakeholders perceive an organization based on the reputation and goodwill the company enjoys (Schwar tz and Carroll, 2003). For CSR initiatives in Starbucks to be successful, the corporate communication tools must be interpreted in the right ways (Forehand and Grier, 2003). The process of establishing and maintain the mutual relations between the public and an organization is crucial (Morsing and Schultz, 2006). Many organizations are facing a dilemma on how to handle stakeholders (Preble, 2005). Organizations have to achieve maximum profits and at the same time meet the demands of the stakeholders (Saksson and Jorgensen, 2010). The company has stressed on both economic and ethical motives while executing the CSR program. Analysis on multiple factors The ethical motives are salient and are emphasized through ethical organizations (Preble, 2005). Starbucks has to meet certain standards in its value chain. The strategic team of the company acknowledges that having a bad reputation has negative implications to the stakeholders

Accounting fraud Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting fraud - Coursework Example The aspect of Fair Value Accounting is being used differently all over the world but it was wrongly used in Enron because it was not being checked upon by the relevant authorities. It becomes necessary for the regulation bodies to keep a check upon any such activity that is being carried out by the different companies. All these examples will help me in avoiding these issues while pursuing my career so that these kinds of fraudulent activities are completely eradicated from the society. In my view accounting fraud is related to any act that conceals the facts relating to the finances of the company. This concealment of facts can lead the potential buyers to be interested in the company and hence the shares of the company. Another example of accounting fraud can be taken in the case of companies who deliberately delay their financial bookings to an appropriate time in the future where they may balance out the profits. This specifically means that the company would cross out the transactions that are decreasing their total worth. This transaction can later on be put to the journals when the company has enough to overshadow the losses. This can help the company to gain shares and increase their market value as Enron was able to do and achieve higher profits than they actually deserved. In other words this practice can co-relate to the accounting frauds that can easily take place in the absence of the regulatory bodies. I believe that the companies can take different measures to avoid fraudulent activities that are being conducted. This revolves around the hierarchy of the company and the management is primarily responsible for any type of fraudulent activity that is taking place in the company. The managers should be held responsible for any omission or suppression of the transactions in the journals. This way the managers would be careful when handling their employees

Slum and Squatters Resettlement in ASEAN Countries

Slum and Squatters Resettlement in ASEAN Countries Introduction The urban population in the world is expanding in generally with Asia being estimated to hold 60% of the increase in world’s urban population over the next three decades. Out of 23 cities with populations of more than 10 million people, nine cities are in Asia and the number is projected to increase in the future (Giok and Kai, 2007). Although urbanization is an indicator of economic development portrayed by population growth in urban areas, concurrently poverty is also urbanizing. Countries such as the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia are seeing rapid urbanization also because of the push from the rural areas where the job opportunities are driving migrants to cities. The concentration of economic development in a few cities and particularly the largest implies a population explosion in very short periods of time that in turn severely tests the coping capacity of city governments. One of the most visible outcomes of the rapid urbanization has thus been the persistence and formation of slums housing. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT, 2006) defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following: Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same room. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions. Issue at Stake One billion people or one third of the world’s population is estimated to be living in either slum or squatter settlements. The largest proportion of population living in slums in the world is in the Asian region, where urbanization speeds at fastest rate. In 2001, Asia had 554 million slum dwellers, where 28% of the slum and squatter settlement population existed in Southeast Asia (UN-HABITAT, 2001). Slum and squatter settlements have formed mainly because of the inability of city governments to plan and provide affordable housing for the low-income segments of the urban population. Therefore, squatter and slum housing is the housing solution for this low-income urban population. In the mega urban regions or metropolitan areas, part of the problem would lie in the coordination among different authorities that are in charge of economic development, urban planning, and land allocation. Such coordination issues also exist between the city and national governments (Giok and Kai, 2007). For the scale and speed of urbanization that has been taking place in developing countries of Asia, most municipal governments are unequipped physically, fiscally, politically, and administratively to tackle the problems of providing the basic infrastructure services to their people. In a situation of limited resource allocation, the urban poor are frequently badly placed to compete for essential services. In Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, neither the government nor the private developers are able to provide the housing needed for 50,000 migrants per year. An additional 20,000 young urban households are formed annually who enter the real estate market. The resulting growth in squatter and slum settlements now comprises 15% of housing in the city (Marr, 2005). The slum housing in the city has created various negative consequences, which need immediate and appropriate solutions that are beneficial to all parties. Slum and Squatters Resettlement in ASEAN Countries Thailand The Urban Community Development Office (UCDO) was set up by the government of Thailand in 1992 to address urban poverty. During the 1980s and early 1990s, Thailand’s economic success had positive impact to the poor communities. Most of these poor people lived in house where the housing conditions had deteriorated. In addition, as the land prices and demand for central city sites increased, their settlements were also at the risk of being evicted. There was also recognition of the need to develop more participatory models of support for low income groups, and of the possibilities of doing so through supporting community-based savings and credit groups. Various local and international NGOs working in Thailand had also shown the possibilities for improving housing by working with low-income communities and networks of communities. UCDO was provided with a US$ 50 million as capital base where they provided loans, small grants and technical support to organized communities so that they could carry out activities related to housing, land acquisition and generating income. UCDO managed to developed links with a wide range of community organizations, saving groups, NGOs and government organizations. In 2000, UCDO was integrated with the Rural Development Fund to the Community Organisations Development Institute (CODI). At the time 950 community saving groups had been established and supported in 53 Thailand’s provinces where they provided housing loans and technical support to 47 housing projects involving 6400 households, grants for small improvements in infrastructure and living conditions had been provided in 796 communities, benefiting 68 208 families and more than 100 community networks had been set up. The value of loans provided at that time was more than 1 billion baht (around US$ 25 million) where half of the loans had been fully repaid. It was also estimated that assets of some 2 billion baht had been generated by the projects. The special fund to help savings groups facing financial difficulties had helped many communities and community networks to manage their debts and continue their development activities. CODI continued to support the UCDO programmes until UCDO had been located within the National Housing Authority thus making CODI’s separate legal standing as an independent public organization. This provided it with greater possibilities (for instance, being able to apply to the annual government budget for funds), greater flexibility, wider linkages and new possibilities for supporting collaboration between urban and rural groups. The main objective on supporting community-managed savings and loan groups and community networks remains, but it now covers 30 000 rural community organizations as well as the urban community organizations, and many community networks that CODI supports include both rural and urban community organizations. Similar to UCDO, CODI also has a board that includes representatives from government and from community organizations. In 2003, Baan Mankong (Secure Housing) Program run by CODI was set up to support processes designed and managed by low income households and their community organizations and networks. These communities and networks work with local governments, professionals, universities and NGOs in their city to survey all poor communities in order to plan an upgrading programme. The program aims to improve conditions for all these within three to four years. After the plans have been finalized, CODI channels the infrastructure subsidies and housing loans directly to the communities. These upgrading programmes build on the community managed programmes that CODI and its predecessor UCDO have supported since 1992, and on people’s capacity to manage their own needs collectively. They also build on what slum communities have already developed, recognizing the large investments that communities have already made in their homes. The Baan Mankong Program supports upgrading existing settlements whenever possible. As an example, if relocation is necessary, a site is sought close by to minimize the economic and social costs to households. The Baan Mankong Program has set a target of improving housing, living and tenure security for 300 000 households in 2000 poor communities in 200 Thai cities within five years. This represents at least half the urban poor communities in Thailand. According to Boonyabancha (2005), the Baan Mankong Program differs from conventional approaches based on following: Urban poor community organizations and their networks are the key actors where they control the funding and the management. They also undertake most of the building which makes funding go much further and brings in their own contributions. It is demand driven by communities rather than supply driven as it supports communities who are ready to implement improvement projects and allows a great variety of responses, designed to each community’s needs, priorities and possibilities. The programme does not specify physical outputs but provides flexible finance to allow community organizations and local partnerships to plan, implement and manage directly. Government agencies are no longer the planners, implementers and construction managers delivering to beneficiaries. It promotes more than physical upgrading. As communities design and manage their own physical improvements, this helps stimulate deeper but less noticeable changes in social structures, managerial systems and confidence among poor communities. It also changes their relationships with local government and other key actors. It helps trigger acceptance of low income communities as legitimate parts of the city and as partners in the city’s larger development process. It works to develop urban poor communities as an integrated part of the city. People plan their upgrading within the city’s development framework, so their local housing development plan is integrated within city planning and city development strategies. Secure tenure is negotiated in each instance locally and this could be through a variety of means such as cooperative land purchase, long term lease contracts, land swaps or user rights. But in all cases, the emphasis is on communal, rather than individual tenure. Its focus is city wide development with a commitment to reach all low income communities within a three to four year period, drawing on local resources. Johor Bahru, Malaysia The State Government of Johore has taken some managerial methods in order to handle the slum settlements in Johor Bahru. It includes giving land tenure, Temporary Occupation Licenses (TOLs), moving to low cost housing named Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) and enforcement of Land Act. Generally the Malaysian government had implemented two programs in order to eradicate the existence of slum housing. The first program introduced was the Zero Squatter Policy which aims to clear the slum and squatter settlements. The following program is the Public Housing Program where public housing was built for the slum communities. Both of these programs were also being implemented by the Johor state government. Land tenure is the common method being used by the Johore state government in whereby in this method the state government relocates the slum communities back at the land that they settled in the first place. It caused decrease in the value of the land because the state government had to change the status of the land from no man’s land to man’s land. However this act it is much better because the state government is able to reduce the amount of expenditure government have to spend in paying compensation if these slum communities were to relocate somewhere else. This method has been applied by the Johore state government in few slum settlements namely Kampung Seri Serdang, Kampung Sri Jaya Baru, Kampung Sentosa Dua, Kampung Sri Aman and Kampung Melayu Gelang Patah. The next method is TOL, whereby in this method the state government provided the slum communities with TOLs to avoid them being illegal residents of that area. The licenses were provided to permits the residents living there but in the future if the government decides to regain the land back, the residents won’t receive any compensation from the government. This method also saves costs in terms of providing compensation to the slum communities. This method was applied to several slum housing in Kampung Tawakkal, Kampung Paya Kenangan, Kampung Bunga Ros, Kampung Ulu Pandan and Kampung Lembah Murni. The Johore state government also relocated the slum communities to a low cost housing area known as Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR). In this method, the total cost and expenditure of developing the new housing area will be bear by the party who wishes to develop that slum settlements. Therefore, this method is cost consuming and has been implemented in Kampung Laut, Batu 10 Skudai and Kampung Lembah Jaya, Tebrau. The enforcement of the Land Act was also introduced by the Johore state government in order to handle the slum settlements. Section 425 of the National Land Code 1965 claimed that action must be taken towards the slum communities residing at the area especially foreigners. Mostly foreigners involved are from Indonesian, Myanmar, Cambodia, India, Bangladesh, etc. The act of encroaching reserve land by a person is considered as legally wrong especially when it comes to foreigners that are most likely to be illegal immigrants. Therefore the enforcement of land law must be taken seriously in order to overcome this issue. Slum settlements that have been recognized as settlements of foreigners are Kampung Pertanian Masai, Kampung Pasir Dalam, Kampung Sungai Tiram and Kampung Sc Batu 2. Now let’s take a look at the Zero Squatter Policy. This policy was introduced by Ministry of Housing and Local Government (Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan, KPKT) in 2005 to eradicate slum settlements in city and other areas involved as well. This program was launched nationally including in Sabah and Sarawak. Census at the slum housing was conducted in order to determine the exact number of slum residents that exists. Eradication was done after taking into consideration various aspects including implementation cost and the welfare of the slum communities. Last but not least, is the Public Housing program. This program was framed by Majlis Tindakan Ekonomi Negara (MTEN) with the collaboration of KPKT to provide new settlements for slum communities all over the country. Among approaches being introduced are Program Perumahan Rakyat Bersepadu and Program Perumahan Rakyat Dasar Baru where houses for rental and sell are provided. All of these programs mentioned above are in parallel with the objective of zero squatter implementation to overcome the problem arises from slum settlements.

Relative Reactivity of Anilines :: essays research papers

Relative Reactivity of Anilines Abstract: Various Anilines were tested with Br2/HBr solution, the products were crystallized and melting points attained to verify relative reactivity. My assignment, 2,4-Dibromoanisol, was prepared in a yield of 52% with a melting point of 55-58 C . Reaction: Mechanism: Procedure: Anisole (0.35mL, 0.0378mol) was obtained and placed in a pre-weighed 25 mL round bottom flask, along with 2.5 mL of glacial acetic acid and a magnetic stir bar. Then the reaction apparatus was assembled, the dry tube was charged with conc. sodium bi sulfate, the 25 mL round bottom was attached to the apparatus, and 5 mL of Br2/HBr mixture was obtained and placed in the round bottom. The reaction took place for 20 minutes. An orange liquid was obtained and placed in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with 25 mL of water and 2.5 mL of conc. Sodium bisulfate soln. The solution was then placed in an ice bath to precipitate and then the solid product was filter in a Buchner funnel. These crystals were then re-dissolved minimum amount of hot solvent (heptane) and recrystallized. Once a dry product was obtained, a melting point was established (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C) and percent yield was established (52%). Results: Through a melting point reading, it was determined that the product obtained was 2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C. The products obtained by my partners, were determined to be: (p-bromoacetanilide mp 160-165 C) and (2,4,6 tribromoaniline, mp of 108-110 C) respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: Interpreting these results have concluded that relative reactivity of these three anilines in order of most reactive to least reactive go; Aniline > Anisole > Acetanilide. Aniline, has an NH2 , the most active substituent , and adds to any ortho/para position available on the ring. This data is confirmed with the product obtained, (2,4,6 tribromoaniline, mp of 108-110 C). As for anisole, it has a strongly activating group attached, OMe an alkoxy group, and it added in two of the three available spots, both ortho. The results conclude: (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C ). Acetanilide has a strong activating group attached, acylamino group, but this group is large and the ortho positions are somewhat hindered so the majority of the product obtained added at the para position, results conclude: (p-bromoacetanilide mp 160-165 C). Since all the substituents attached to the aromatic rings were activators the only products able to be obtained were ortho/para products .

The Organizational Implications of Robotics

Forecasts of how many robots will be used In 1990 I- the u-led States range between 75,000 and 150,000 (Hunt & Hunt, 1983). Little Is known, however, about how Individual employees react to the Introduction of robots or about the changes needed In organizations to support robotics. Our research focuses on â€Å"deterrents†g the human side of robotics–how Individuals react to robots, how and when organizations should be modified to support robotics, and what effective strategies are for the Implementation of robotics.The Robot Institute of America defines a robot as a programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move objects through variable programmed motions to perform a variety of tasks (Robot Institute of America, 1982). Two characteristics differentiate taboos from most other forms of automation: multiple task capability and programmability. The robots used most frequently in U. S. Factories today, in jobs that involve moving material, welding, drilling, or spray painting, are called level To' first-generation robots.Researchers are now in the process of developing taboos, known as level II or second-generation robots, with more sophisticated sensing and thinking capabilities. For example, a level II robot that is capable of identifying the location of parts of different shapes and sizes is currently bee†g developed. Other examples of level II robots include those that mine underground coal seams, detect gas leaks, or perform sophisticated I†speciation tasks. Ares and Miller (1983) provide a good description of the current and expected future capabilities of robotics. 2 1:1 this paper. E first develop a GE:learn framework for' the effects of robots I:altitudes and We I:electorate from our field studies of the implementation:l of robotics as well as from other field studies f the Impact of robotics our general framework. The methodology and results of our field studies are described in greater detail In Argots, Goodman, a:o ld Cascade (1983) a:old Argots and Goodman (1984). We conclude the paper with suggestions for researchers who are analyzing the Implementation of robotics and with recommendations for managers who plan to utilize robotics In their organizations.A General Framework The use of robotics may have a profound effect on the organization of work a. ‘old on the productivity of tessellations. Robots typically require :lee skills of both reduction and technical support personnel and require closer l:alterations among functional areas (Argots. Goodman, & Cascade, 1983). Robots may displace some Technology Assessment, 1984). Robots may also enable organizations to be more flexible by decreasing set-up times associated WI the product changeovers. Moreover, robots may enable organizations to achieve greater consists:LLC I:l the quality of their products (Ares & Miller, 1983; Guest, 1984).In this section, we develop a general framework for anticipating these effects of robots on individuals a nd organizations s well as for predict:leg the conditions under which the use of robots will enhance organizational performance. Organizational Performance L â€Å"l order to present our general framework, we first must discuss the concept of organ:location:ala performance. Organizations can be thought of as consisting of three basic components–people, etc†Ã¢â‚¬ logy. And structure. 3 It is the compatibility between† these three basic comps†e†TTS of organ†Tioga:l's that determined†sees their Performa†CE (Alleviate, 1965; Emery & Trust, 1973).Organizational performance is a complex variable with multiple dimensions (Goodman & Pen†inns, 1977; Katz & Kahn, 1978). Examples of performance criteria that are critical in the manufacture:leg environment are productivity, product quality, manufacture:leg flexibility, absenteeism, turnover, and employee motivation and well-bee:leg. These criteria may vary in importance over time and to d ifferent constituencies. For example, sales and marketing departments may place a higher premium on manufacturing flexibility than other functional areas because it enables the organization to adapt to customers' needs in a timely fashion.Similarly, manufacture:leg flexibility may be ore important in early than in late stages off product's life cycle (Kaplan, 1983). Further, these performance crib terra are likely to be interrelate Ted, sometimes complex ways. For example, employee motivation may be positively related to work unit productivity under conditions of uncertain:let that occur, for example, when a machine breaks down, while employee motivation may have little effect on the productivity of capital-I:latencies firms under route†e or programmed condo actions (CB. Goodman, 1979).Similarly, productivity, at least measured I† the short tune, may be negatively associated with manufacture:leg flexibility. The complexity of the concept of organizational performance sug gests that understanding the impact and effects of :lee technologies requires an appreciation of the interrelationships among the elements of organizations. It also suggests the †deed for exam†I:leg multiple performance criteria a:old the trade-offs among them. Further research is :leaded to identify how the I†duration:l of robots will affect the elements of an organization a:old the conditions under which these elements may be 4 compatible. He few exists†g meme†kcal studies of the of robots (Argots, Goodman, & Cascade, 983; Argots & Goodman†, 1984; Office of Technology Assessment, 1984) and thee-ethical work on Job design, o†generational SST†structure, o†generational effective†sees, a†d the introduction of change enable us to suggest what these effects a†e likely to be and when the use of †boots is likely to e†ha†CE manufacture†I†g pee†finance We want to emphasize that us'â⠂¬ g robots does not automatically imply certain consequence†sees for organizations but rather it is the interplay between characteristics of the technology, the manner in which it is I†traduced, the organization's structure, For example, some companies p†ovoid little training of† their robot operators and design the Jobs of operators such that they have little autonomy and are very dependent on technical support staff.Other comma†sees provide more trait†ins for their operators, design more autonomy into their Jobs, and expect them to be actively involved in patriotism†g the operation of the robots. Our sense is that the latter approach to design†ins the operator's Job results in more motivated operators and a speedier and smoother implement†taxation than the boomer. The technology in each approach is the same. It is the supporting organizational arrangements that are different. Thus, the use of robots does not determine certain consequences for organizations. Instead it is the relationship between characteristics of the robots, the people who operate and maintain the robots, and the organizational arrangements that support the robots that affect the putrescence of o†sanitation†s. I†dividable Employees We †owe turn to what is known about how the I†duration† of â€Å"O bots typically affects individual employees I† organ†actions. The I†duration† of robots usually changes the skills and Job activities of I†dividable employees. In our study off plant in the metal-working industry, the introduction of a robot that performed material handling activities caused a shift in the robot operators' Jobs from primarily manual to primarily mental activities (Argots, Goodman, & Cascade, 1983). The Office of Technology Assessment (TOT) reports a similar change with the introduction of welding robots in the automobile industry: the introduction of the robot s removed some of the physical demands from the Jobs of human operators (TOT, 1984).Thus, the introduction of robots in both studies had a positive effect on employees' work environments: the robots assumed some of the very physically demanding tasks otherwise performed by humans. At the same time, both studies found that the introduction of robots had certain negative effects on employees. Operators in our study reported that they experienced more stress and less control after the robot SASS introduced (Argots, Goodman, & Cascade, 1983). Similarly, the TOT report indicates that direct production employees felt less control with the introduction of the welding robots, because their Jobs were now tied to an assembly line (TOT, 1984).Repair supervisors in the TOT report also experienced greater stress upon the implementation of robots, apparently due to the pressures of maintaining a complex and highly integrated production system (TOT , 1984). Based on previous research, we expect th at if the I†transduction of robots leads to employees experiencing less control over their work environment, then they will be less satisfied, less motivated, and experience more stress upon the introduction of new technologies (Blabber, 6 1964; Hack† & Lawyer, 1971; Hickman & Lolled, 1975; Sutton & Kahn, in press). We also expect that systems that are very complex or characterized by low reliability will be associated with increased stress (Bright, 1958; TOT, 1984). The experience of variety and feedback on the Job promotes employee well-bet†g (Hickman & Lolled, 1975).If the use of robotics affects the variety and feedback employees experience, then we expect corresponding changes in their satisfaction and motivation. Along these lines, the TOT report I†dictates that mat†tenancy introduction of welding robots: the maintenance workers' Jobs were characterized by greater variety and more challenge (TOT, 1984). The introduction of robotics typically chang es the skill requirements of both production and technical support personnel. As noted earlier, the use of robots usually shifts operators' Jobs from manually-oriented to mentally-oriented activities. If these changes are compatible with employees' skills and preferences, employees will feel more satisfied and less stress with the change.Strategies are suggested later in this chapter for maximizing the fit between employees and their Jobs and for designing the Jobs of employees, both direct and indirect, who must interact with robots. The manner in which robots are implemented may also affect employee reaction to the change. Coco and Fresh's (1948) classic study indicates that introducing change n a participative fashion increases the likelihood that employees will react positively to change. Other researchers have also stressed participation as a key variable in determining the extent to which employees react positively to change (Cotter & Schlesinger, 1979; Deteriorate al. , 1983) .While employees I† the two organizations we studied did †to participate at all in any decisions surrounding the I†transduction of the robots, employees at both organizations desired more that† they actually had (Argots, Goodman, & Cascade, 1983; Argots & Goodman, 1984). The discrepancy between how much influence they actually had and how much they desired was especially pronounced at the second organization we studied, possibly because the organization was unionized and had a tradition of employee participation. While employees desired more influence, they acknowledged that the implementation of robotics is a complex activity requiring technical expertise that they generally do not possess. Hence, employees did not expect a great deal of influence in decisions regarding robotics.They did feel, however, that they had some expertise, especially concerning work processes and machines in their department, and that they should be involved in socio† related to their areas of expertise. Another dimension of the implementation process is the method organizations use to communicate with employees about the introduction of robotics. Organizations may use a variety of communication mechanisms, including talks by the plant manager, meetings with first-line supervisors, and demonstrations. L† our research, we examined how effective employees rated the various communication sources their organizations used to introduce robotics. Our results indicate that demonstrations of the operation of robots are [dated by employees as most effective or increasing their understanding of robots (Argots, Goodman. & Cascade, 1983).This result is corroborated by the finding that the demonstration had a greater impact on employees' beliefs about and attitudes towards robotics than any other communication source the organization used (Argots & Goodman, 1985). 8 How employee motivation, satisfaction and stress affect the performance of firms using robotics r emains an open question. Teethe is a growing sense in the business literature that these human resource issues are critical too firm's ability to compete that using robotics and other programmable automation in ways that enhance employee well-being leads to increased organizational efficiency (TOT, 1984). Consequently, it is important that we identify the conditions under which employee motivation, satisfaction, and stress affect the overall performance of firms using robotics.A† interesting hypothesis developed from previous research is that these human resource variables affect the overall performance of work units when nonprogrammer situations occur, for example, a machine breakdown or the introduction of a new product (CB. Goodman, 1979). Under routine operating conditions, human motivation and attitudes †ay have little effect on the performance f robotics systems. That is, human resource variables may matter more when tech. †eulogies are first being implemente d, when new products alee being introduced, To' when unexpected problems arise than when systems are operating routinely. Organizational Structures In addition to affecting individual employees, the introduction of robots may also change the basic structures of organizations–communication within and between departments, decision-making responsibilities, role relationships and the like.In our study, we found that the introduction of a robot led to increased interactions teen production and technical support personnel from engineering and maintenance. Studies of other technologies similar to robots, such as numerical control machines, report similar increases in interaction among production, engineering, and maintenance groups (Williams & Williams, 1964; TOT, 1984). 9 The use of robotics also has the potential to chaw:leg collation:lisps between production a:old markets:leg groups is:lace robots may reduce the time it takes to change from one product to another. This potential could e:label organizations both to accommodate a more varied product mix a:old to response:old more easily to customer demands.Although we have :lot yet witnessed a:AY empirical evidence of modified relationships between production and marketing due to the introduction of robots, these changes might occur as more robots are put on line and linked in integrated systems. There is some evidence that the use of advanced automation on the factory floor may enable organizations to centralize production scheduling decisions (TOT, 1984). This may reduce the need for technical experts who schedule production as well as eliminate scheduling tasks from supervisors' Jobs. Similarly, intelligent robots that perform inspection tasks may reduce the requirement for facial quality control staff. Indeed the use of intelligent robots may lead to fewer hierarchical levels within organizations as well as too smaller number of direct production workers (Cherty, Dunked, Jordan, & Miller, 1984).This is be cause intelligent systems alee capable of performing many activities, both manual and mental, traditionally performed by supervisors and certain support staff as well as by direct production workers. There are already examples of organizations where the use of programmable automation has led to the elimination of one layer of supervisors Chem.., Sisley, Liker, Earthman, & Thomas, 1984). At the same time, the use of intelligent robots may require more individuals with expertise maintaining and programming robots. R Thus far, we have focused on describing how the use of robotics is likely to change these structural changes may be associated with improved manufacturing performance.As noted earlier, the use of 10 robotics typically I†creases the I†trepanned†CE of activities performed by member's of different functional groups. He†CE the use of robotics usually requires more interaction among these functional areas. We have observed companies where the increased i nteractions went extremely smoothly, a†d all groups were motivated to cooperate in the implementation of the †ewe technology. We have also observed companies where the increased interaction was characterized by hostility, impede†g the implementation. What differentiates these two situations? In their analysis of interdepartmental conflict in organizations, Walton and Dutton (1969) discuss the conditions under which interdenominational relationships are characterized by conflict.These conditions include: a reward structure that emphasizes the performance of separate roofs; asymmetric interdependence in which one group is more dependent on the other; communication obstacles such as different locations or specialized languages; and aggressive individuals. Applying these findings to the implementation of robotics provides insight in predicting when the increased interactions required by the use of robotics are likely to be smooth and when they are likely to be conflict ion. If a company's reward structure emphasizes the putrescence of separate groups, we expect the introduction of robotics to be characterized by conflict. This might occur, for example, if production groups are threaded according to short-term efficiency figures while engineering groups are rewarded for the number of †ewe equipment pieces they introduce. Asymmetric interdependence is also likely to contribute to conflict.This situation characterizes most introductions of new technology where, at least in certain stages of the implementation, production is more dependent on engineering for hardware and software then engineering is dependent on production. The effect of asymmetric needs on conflict is 11 moderated by the company's reward system. A reward system that emphasizes the performance of operate groups will only amplify the conflict potential of asymmetric interdependence. Instead, a reward system that has a more global and long-term orientation may foster cooperation a nd reduce the potential for conflict caused by asymmetric interdependence. When the functional groups that must interact to implement new technology are located in different areas or use different terminologies, conflict is likely to surround the process.Conversely, if the different groups are located near each other, sit in on each other's meetings to understand each other's goals and constraints, and use a common language, then we expect the interactions required by the introduction of robotics to be more graceful. Finally, the nature of people who play key roles in the introduction, such as the lead engineer, affects the level of conflict. When key positions are occupied by . †aggressive, authoritarian individuals concerned primarily with their own careers, the probability of conflict increases. The behavior of these individuals also will be affected, of course, by the company's reward sys tem. &†other structural issue raised by the implementation of robotics concerns the balance between centralization and decentralization in a organization. Current

American Express Essay

Bonnie Wittenburg, the plaintiff in this case filed an age discrimination lawsuit against American Express Financial Advisors, Inc. ’s (AEFA). AEFA filed a motion for summary judgment, the district court granted and the United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit affirmed. Wittenburg started working at AEFA Equity Investment Department (EID) in November 1998 at the age of 46 (Walsh, 2011). According to the portfolio managers, Wittenburg provided outstanding service and displayed excellent investment skills and in 2000, she was name Analyst of the Year (Walsh, 2011). In 2001, AEFA hired a new Chief Investment Officer (CIO) and 2002 the CIO initiated a redesign of EID. The project would take approximately two years; add an additional three portfolio managers, a new satellite office and the merger or movement of certain funds to AEFA’s satellite office (Walsh, 2011). During a discussion regarding new hires, the CIO stated he was not averse to hiring younger managers or analysts to grow with the company (Walsh, 2011). The new design plan would include a reduction in force (RIF) which according to the CIO was necessary. The first RIF terminated Al Henderson, age 62. Henderson made a comment that Dan Rivera told him that AEFA fired him because the company wanted to retain the younger employees (Walsh, 2011). The second RIF eliminated three analyst positions but primarily focused on portfolio managers. During the second RIF, a team of managers reviewed about 25 people in the department giving each a rating of keep, maybe keep, maybe, maybe drop or drop (Walsh, 2011). They used the ratings to educate leaders about the individuals in the department and in late 2002 held a meeting to discuss employee ratings. Wittenburg received a low rating because of poor performance and negative input provided by portfolio managers but continued in her current position during the second RIF. Wittenburg along with two other analysts were terminated when the third RIF occurred; Wittenburg was 51 and the other two were 41 and 36. Wittenburg applied for a portfolio manager, she did not get the position and sued AEFA claiming Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) (Walsh, 2011). Wittenburg’s defense would rely on statements from co-workers such as â€Å"those that were younger† â€Å"not averse to hiring younger portfolio managers† and notes that indicated the analyst department would maybe add a junior person. In making a decision, the court will consider if the statements were made by decision makers or by someone who may influence the decision to terminate the plaintiff, the gap between statements and the date of termination, and if the statement itself was discriminatory or merely an opinion. The CIO’s comment regarding the company’s willingness to hire younger workers was a general comment. The statement was not discriminatory nor did it establish that age was the basis for Wittenburg’s termination over a year ago. The reference to adding a junior person did not show discriminatory intent and Wittenburg did not prove the employee equated junior person to a younger person or how such a notation related to her termination. Wittenburg admitted that Rivera was not a decision maker in the 2003 RIF and his statement made to Henderson did not relate to her termination. The court decided that these comments did not establish a pretext based on AEFA’s nondiscriminatory purpose given for her termination. A total of 31 analyst were affected by the 2002 and 2003 RIF, 17 of the analyst were 40 years old or older and of the 17, six were terminated, four resigned and seven retained their jobs (Walsh, 2011). In addition, there were four terminated, two resigned, two transferred and six retained their positions of the 14 analysts who were not in the protected class (Walsh, 2011). There were two members, ages 41 and 46, of the protected class who ranked first and second during the 2002 analyst ratings and the two analyst terminated in 2003 were both younger than Wittenburg, one was 41 and the other 36 (Walsh, 2011). Another analyst in the protected class whose age was the same as Wittenburg survived the 2003 RIF. Wittenburg’s accusation that scores were manipulated to retain younger employees during the 2002 RIF by ranking them in the â€Å"keep† category even though their scores were low was actually a moot point as she survived the 2002 RIF even though her score was low putting her in the maybe keep category. AEFA stated they needed only one Technology Sector analyst and then redistributed the workload amongst other employees, Wittenburg argues that pretext was shown however, as stated by the court, â€Å"employers often distribute a discharged employee’s duties to other employees performing related work for legitimate reasons† (Walsh, 2011). As far as the two vacancies, those were among the 10 analysts who had survived the RIF, they were not new positions (Walsh, 2011). The decision to downsize and redesign the Equity Investment Department was for the betterment of the company. Wittenburg’s argument that AEFA only relied on her 2002 performance review in making their decision to terminate does not help her case. The court noted there is nothing discriminatory in an employer choosing to rely on recent performance data in deciding which employees to RIF (Walsh, 2011). American Express had not been doing very well and the CIO explained analyst’s performance evaluations on an annual basis are important because consumers look at one-year performance and make decisions (Walsh, 2011).

Free sample - Bundys Personality Disorder. translation missing

Bundys Personality Disorder. Bundy's Personality DisorderMurder is regarded as one of the most vindictive crimes that can be committed by society. There is one mistaken belief that murderers can be inborn, but this is a very false statement. No one is born a killer; it is our society who gives birth to a numerous murderers and criminals. Unfortunately, we are living in a very cruel world that provokes the increased number of crimes and miscellaneous. History witnessed many murderers. Ted Bendy is one of the most famous and cruel criminals in the history of America and, probably, the whole world. In the case with Bundy, the lack of parental supervision and steady refusal of women contributed to him making normal man cruel serial murderer. Bundy belonged to a kind of man who let the dreams and fantasies control and guide his life; he supposed that life was an amusement and game. Everything in his life and all his surroundings contributed to making Bundy unforgiving, bitter, and mentally unstable person. During the period of 1970’s numerous females became the victims of Bundy (Sullivan, 2009). This man had an extremely unhinged personality. He was suffering from constant nervous depressions.   Absence of fortune, family and normal relationships made this person a cruel murder. Such unstable and cruel behavior of Bundy is rooted from his childhood, as his mother constantly neglected him and this neglecting resulted to a nume rous psychological problems and complexes.   When Ted was four, his mother, Louise moved to Tahoma and there got married with Johnnie Bundy, Ted's stepfather. People who constantly neglected him surrounded Ted. It was the first impact that put the beginning of the negative formation of Ted’s personality. Being a young boy, Bundy was obsessed with women and obscure sexuality. This is a result of poor guidance of his parents, who did not give the boy the opportunity to talk about the things of sexual character. It was a great mistake, as only parents can help in formation of correct behavior of the child and forward his thoughts and feelings to right directions.  Ã‚   While interview Ted Bundy expressed feelings and said that parental participation and safety is very significant in a life of young child. He, personally, did not have such protection and involvement. Bundy was shy by the nature (Keppel, 2009). Being in the high school, he was constantly abused by his fellows and was subjected to disgrace very often. Although he was constantly abused and subjected to such kind of behavior, he was one of the best pupils and managed to have high-grade average during the period of education. According to words of the instructors, Bund was a rather pleasant and successful student. As we know, love is able to change the behavior of every person. Bundy was not an exception in this case. In the spring of 1967, Ted met Stephanie Brooks, the woman of his dreams. This relationship would alter his way of life forever. Stephanie was the first love of Bundy and he was obsessed with such feelings. Stephanie realized that Ted did not have a particular direction in his life, resulting in the uncertainty. Ted and Stephanie finally broke up. This break appeared to a turning point in his behavior and crucial point of his future life. Because of personal faults and unsuccessful relationships, Ted created a personality on his own. Such personality finally drove Ted Bundy to psychopathic behavior. Bundy was so filled up with anger and frustration that finally resulted to his biggest aggravation and mania, women. Unfortunately, history of criminals and killers know many more malicious murderers like Bundy. Society tried to make a lot of attempts to understand the reasons of such behavior and find out the ways of struggling with them and helping such people. Due to Bundy the society who was the first serial murderer, the society was allowed to travel deep in the killer’s mind and make such type of behavior the object of investigations. With the help of the investigations and examinations of such individuals modern science managed to get the necessary explanations. Numerous mental disorders comprises sturdy biological basis and very often inheritance plays a very important role in the abnormal behavior of the criminal. In order to understand this, it is necessary to know and find out whether other members of the family of the criminal have similar disorders. Ted’s grandfather was a cruel person. Probably, this is one of the most essential reasons and basis of Ted's behavior.   A personality disorder is considered the most essential reason of the career criminal. Individuals with the disorders of personality are very often involved in frequent crimes and episodes of disrupting or complicated behavior. Very often, such people are considered to be arrogant, dramatic, or even hateful. In accordance with the DSM IV Ted Bundy possessed the features of narcissistic and a sociopath. He is a sociopath. The full name of such disorder as sociopathy is antisocial personality disorder (APD).   Sociopathy can be sometimes interconnected with psychopathy, although professors do not always agree with this statement (Lyman, 2010). David Lykken, the professor of a psychology supposes that sociopathic individuals possess environmental root, but psychopaths are rooted in hereditary predisposition. The most remarkable feature of sociopathic type of behavior is that such persons can turn on the smile or use the advantage of different social situations to attract people from t heir surroundings into their own web. Ted Bundy, for example, would sometimes pretend a wound like putting the hand into a sling in order to evoke sympathy. All the above-mentioned facts and features prove Ted Bundy to be mentally ill person. However, his mental disorder is not inborn one, as they are the result of difficult life and conditions, as from the very childhood Ted was brought up in the atmosphere of neglecting and cruelty. It left the traces on the individuality of the boy and influenced his future way of life. Reference List Sulivan, K. (2009) The Bundy Murders: A Comprehensive History. Los Angeles: McFarland Keppel, R. (2009) The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer. Boston: Pocket Lyman, M.D (2010) Criminal Investigation: The Art and the Science (6th Edition) (MyCrimeKit Series). New York: Prentice hall

American literature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American literature - Assignment Example Geography, movement, borders and regionalism have influenced American literature over the years. Interaction influenced the mode of writing as they got more ideas from other people who had moved into the country. America is a multicultural community, and there were different forms of literature, these included, African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, and women literature. The last years have seen a number of different voices into the American literature. They have helped bring the change in American literature. In the past, no one embraced African American literature, but the last years have seen the literature being embraced in the society and especially schools. All the literature including women literature is recognized showing how much American literature has developed. The gay and lesbian literature has also grown and Americans now recognizes that the genre has developed expansively. For example, Ellen Wittlinger’s, Hard Love that also won the best book award in 2000.The American literature expanded to include romantic writing, poetry and short stories. This came about after the introduction of the civil rights, and since then it has made the American literature to be limitless. â€Å"A street car named Desire† A streetcar named desire is a story of a woman Blanche Dubois who relocated to her sister’s house, and intended to live with her for quite a long time after losing the family house. Blanche seems to be lying about everything and tends to ‘avoid the light’. It is seen that Blanche is five years older than her sister is but she never wants to be under direct sunlight (Bradford). Blanche avoids light when it comes to her suitor Mitch and is not true to him. She does not want to tell him about her past, age and her fading beauty. Maybe she is avoiding reality because of what she had done in the past. Light symbolizes her activities in the past. Her life is governed by lies and living in an imaginary l ife. When Mitch knows her story, she forces her to admit that she had committed terrible things in her past. She tends to believe more in magic than the reality. She confesses to avoid the light because of the loss of her husband. She says that when her husband was alive, she experienced light in her life but after he died the bright light had been lacking in her life. Dim light is expressed when she has sexual relationships with other people. She avoids harsh light so that she does not have to see her fading beauty. She believes that by asserting her beauty upon younger men, she will be able to avoid death, and she will go back to her teenage bliss (Bradford). Prologue to Invisible man The invisible man is the story of a black man who tries to struggle in a divided society that does not see him as a human being (Ellison). The prologue to the invisible man involves a black man who claims to be invisible only because some people choose not to see him. Being invisible has been of grea t help, and at the same time has caused him frustration. He is not quite sure that he exists because of his invisibility and has him thinking why people do not seem to notice him. He would actually do anything to have other people notice him. However, his invisibility has earned him some free electricity without noticed, and he resides in an area where only the whites are allowed. He is, therefore, invisible to both the whites and the Monopolated Light and Power Company. This is to his advantage. The narrator due to his invisibility is called bad names